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presented by
Michael and Jordi Obach
Obachs around the world - an introduction
The surname “Obach” is not very common. There are approximately between 100-200 families in the Philippines, 20 families in the United States of America, about 120 in Europe, and less than 300 families in the world. One of the most interesting questions is a possible relation between the Obachs of the different countries and continents.
Using the possibilities of the internet and a CD-ROM with address data, but also searching in historical archives in cathedrals and other places, we were able to gather information about our surname from many countries in the world. In the following we present some results which were obtained in spring of 2001.
Numbers of telephones were used to estimate the quantity of families or persons with the surname Obach. In industrialized countries this should be a representative estimation. On this page there are no addresses for reasons of data protection.
Accumulations of Obachs can be found in the Philippines, in some states of the USA, in Germany - in the northern region of Hesse, precisely in the village Günsterode with 400 inhabitants -, and in Spain near Barcelona in the region Catalonia. The Obachs from the Philippines as well as the south americans of Chile and Venezuela have their ancestors in that north-eastern part of Spain. The origin of the Obachs living today in Northern America is in Europe and the Philippines. Compare illustrations 1, 2, and table 1.
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Illustration 1 shows that Obachs inhabit almost every continent, except of Africa and Australia, eventhough one family from the Philippines lived in the the latter during some years. Information about Obachs in Poland, Russia and other countries of the former Eastern bloc should be obtained in the future.
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Principally there are two countries in West Europe with a relative high amount of Obachs: Germany and Spain.
France accomodates about 20 families of Obachs. The surname Obach appears in the phone guides of Luxemburg only two times. The Privatklinik Obach (private hospital Obach) can be found in the Obachstrasse (Obach street) in Solothurn (Switzerland). In Austria exists - also rarely - the surname “Obacher”. In Belgium, Italia and Great Britain, according to searches in the internet, there are no Obachs.Illustration 3 shows that nowadays the European Obachs are living in an area between Central Germany and Northern Spain including the southern part of France. This might support the theses (see below) about the history of the ancestors of all Obachs in the world.
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(look at the European map)
The origin of the Obachs in Germany is certainly located in the small village Günsterode - a suburb of Melsungen - in the northern part of Hesse (near Kassel). In accordance with table 2 this is still the place in Germany with the highest number of Obachs. The town Hessisch Lichtenau (rank 2 in the table) is located only 5 kilometres from Günsterode.
It is told that a French officer called Obach settled down in Günsterode after the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). It is possible that his ancestors could have been Catalan, because nowadays it seems that in France live less Obachs than in the area of Barcelona.
However, the small stream which is situated at the aside from my - Michael Obach's - parental home is called “Ohebach”. It is also possible that the surname Obach has formed independently of the same in Spain (see below), like hundreds of thousands of german families whose surname ends with “bach”. The word “Bach” means small stream in German. There are 61 telephones of the name Ubach and Übach in Germany (surnames which are existing in Catalonia, too). In this case one cannot suppose that there exist a familiar relation between Obachs of Germany and the persons with the same name in Spain and South America.
Some names of German Obachs are: Angelika, Anna, Anni, Bettina, Carsten, Christian, Dieter, Dirk, Elfriede, Erich, Eugen, Frank, Frieda, Friedhelm, Georg, Gerhard, Hans-Jürgen, Hedwig, Heinrich, Helga, Helmut, Henriette, Horst, Hugo, Johanna, Karl, Karl Heinz, Jens, Klaus, Klaus-Dieter, Kurt, Lisa, Lothar, Ludwig, Marie, Markus, Martha, Martin, Michael, Natalie, Peter, Rudolf, Sabine, Sarah, Stefan, Ute, Waltraud, Wiesa, Wilhelm, Wolfgang und Wolfram.
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(see also the European map)
In Spain the Obachs are found without exception in the Catalan-spoken area, precisely in Barcelona, at the Costa Brava, in small villages near Lérida and on the island of Mallorca.
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The ancestors of the Obachs living in South America were from the small village Tiurana, above Pons at the river Segre (below the reservoir that is near point 3 in illustration 4; see also the map of “Alt Urgell”). The municipality of Peramola is located nearby, where the family of Dr. Jordi Obach comes from.
Some of the relative numerous Obachs in Barcelona sell hats and shoes in the old part of the town.
In the tavern La Sala in Barcelona is offered the red wine Clos de l'Obach of the years 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 and 1994. Dr. Jordi Obach coments, that it is possible that it could be Obac as surname, but the Catalan word 'clos' means a geographic site surrounded with hills or mountains as well as a valley, in which there is no sun. For that reason we believe that it refers to a vine cultivated in an 'obac' in a herb climate. In Andorra keen hikers can wander on the “Obachs path” (Camino del rec de l'OBAC).
It is doubtful if our surname may be contemplated as Catalan, with derivations Bach, Bachs, Ubach, Ubachs and Aubach. Keep in mind that the “derivation” Ubach today in Catalonia can be found in approximately 350 families and only less than 70 families Obach.
(by Dr. Jordi Obach, rheumatism specialist from Barcelona (Spain); Text translated and worked out by Michael Obach)
In the sequel I summarize some results of my investigations about the origin of our surname Obach in Catalonia (North-East Spain). This work is a first approximation to the topic. One could spend months searching in historical archives and become an expert in translating latin and deciphering texts in carolingian and Antiqua fonts.
In Catalonia exists an archive of notarial and similar documents of the Middle Ages, that is one of the most abundant of all Europe (it is a heritage of the roman Civil Code “código civil romano”). In order to be on its track, you should look up in several ecclesiastical and notarial archives, the royal archive of Aragonia (archivo de la Corona de Aragón) and the Simancas archive in Castilia. In the ecclesiastical documents one should study read deaths-, births-, baptism and marriages archives. Furthermore, one should take into account the records of surveys of fires (censos de los “fuegos”), censuses, and “Capbreus” (stocktaking of fiefs in the Middle Ages). Many historical documents disappeared or were destroyed mainly due to lootings and destructions during Napoleon's invasion and the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). I used only some books about etymology, heraldry, history of Catalonia and archives in cathedrals. The conclusions have to be considered with caution, eventhough they might be very plausible.
Originally, the surname Obach derives of the latin expression “opacus”, which was transformed in the Catalan language in the Middle Ages into “obac”, that means the site of the mountains in the northern direction. In English it could be the shady side, in opposite to the sunny side which is in south direction (cited by Dr. Jordi Obach: Josep Coromines: “Diccionari Etimologic i Complementari de la Llengua Catalana” (1955)).
The “h” at the end of the word Obach in Catalan is not pronounced, is pronounced the name - in contrast to German - in the northeastern part of Spain like “Obak”. En la Middle Ages se añadía una “h” at names which end with the letter “c”. At the end of the 16th century disappeared the “h” at the end of “Obach” for the denomination of sites (e. g. the natural park Parc Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i Serra de l'Obac(h)), the surnames, however, maintained their particular spelling.
The surname Obach exists in Organyà (where is still a factory of sausages of the same name), Tiurana and Sant Llorenç. In the same region, more concrete in Cambrils d'Oden, is located the country house “Casa Obach”, its owner has for many years another name.
Appearance of the surname Obac(h) in historic documents in the territory of the today's Spain:
| 839 | in the “Acta de Consagracion” of the church of Seu d'Urgell appears the name Obac (without h) |
| 1072 | documented citation of the locality Obac de Gironella |
| 1194 | the king of Aragonia makes a part of the mountains near Montsant (province of Tarragona) over to Ramon d'Obach |
| 1270 | a miller living in the village Poboleda (near Montsant) has the name Obach |
In Catalonia and probably also in other areas of Spain, documents called “Capbreus” (in Castilian Spanish: Cabreo) are known from the Middle Ages. mit denen man alle Ländereien und Gebäude inventarisierte, that the feudal lord put at the farmers disposal as fief. The contracts were concluded with the landholder, in this case the Lord of Peramola, the judge, a notary, witnesses and probably a Chaplain. “Capbreus” are perserved from Peramola of the years 1640, 1739, and 1780. In the Middle Ages the censuses counted the stoves and fires (fuegos). In a census of Peramola appears in 1553 a certain Marot, but no Obach. He was a woodworker/cabinetmaker and lived in the house that later on was named “Pau Fuster”. The “Capbreu” of the year 1640 mentions a woodworker/cabinetmaker called Marot who lived in the same house. At the same time existed a house called “Ca l'Obach ebanista”. It was in the neighbourhood of the Marots (source: J. Espuñes, Baronia y Municipi de Peramola, 1995, Editorial Garsineus, Tremp (Lérida)).
This could go with the history of the cabinetmaker Pau Obach, who came from Cambrils and married in Peramola in 1632. It is possible that this Marot had no sons and that his daughter married the Obach from Cambrils d'Odén. These scattered data is difficult to put together, in any case existed the surname Obach in Peramola at the beginning of the 17th century.
I am sure that my ancestors came from the “Ca l'Obach” in Cambrils d'Odén. In the few still preserved ecclesiastical documents, I found an evidence of the death of a Obach in the year 1649 and another death certificate from 1684 is made out for another person with the surname Sucarrats, alias Obach. Probably the Obach, who died in 1649, was the last male Obach of his clan and we assume that his house was called after his name.
Concerning the Obachs from Tiurana, I believe that a physician named Obach - who was godfather of a child from “cal Pau Fusté” in Peramola with the same surname in the second part of the 19th century - descended directly from them (archives of the cathedrals of Seu d'Urgell and Solsona).
It is very probable that the surname Obach has Frankish and hence Germanic origin. From the south of the river Rhine (Rhein), the Franks invaded Gaul (France) and Aquitannia (the today's western part of France and north-eastern part of Spain). The Catalan Pyrenees represented only a small obstacle as the natural border to France, easy to surmount. Die Franks conquered Catalonia and established under the rule of a son of Charlemagne (between the 8th and the 9th century) the so-called “Marca Hispánica”, a kind of no man's land, that had been wrested from the Arabs in order to prevent them from establish in Aquitannia. Every first Earls, administrators and governors in the new territory were Franks. However, even before the era of the conquest there are documents proving that Franks settled in Catalonia during the 3th to the 4th and 5th century in a migratory movement. They interbreeded with the resident people of mainly Ibero-Latin descent. Keep in mind that the Franks used to be “Romanesque”, catholic and furthermore good craftworkers, that brought with new professions prosperity to the area. During even more than one century after the liberation from the rule of the Frank kings, the inhabitants of Catalonia were called Franks (Great Catalan Encyclopaedia, 1969, 62nd Ed., Barcelona). This is one possibility, how the first Obachs came to Catalonia and a probable reason why they had a latinized surname. As Franks they belonged to the economically and politically powerful class and occupied important positions. Only powerful people appeared in documents, when e.g. estates or mills were made over to them.
In order to explain the existence of the agglomeration of Obachs in the mountains “Serra del Montsant”, there is one plausible approach: In the 11th century, Earl Ermengol I d'Urgell started the re-conquest of the areas occupied by the Arabs. He reached the valley of the river Segre, a feeder river of the Ebro. Following the river, he reached the region of Tarragona (Sierra del Montsant) and finally the Mediterranean Sea, where he founded a village on the beach that is Cambrils today. From there he pushed forward into southern direction until the Muslim Córdoba, where he died. It is proved by the archive of the cathedral of Solsona that the so-called “Señor de Cambrils d'Odén” and his men accompanied the Earl Ermengol I d'Urgell. Therefore it is possible that a Frankish Obach from Cambrils d'Odén was member of the troups.
In accordance with the “Fogatges” or countings of stoves existed Obachs in several villages in the 14th century: Fígols de Organyà, Soleràs and Cogul in the province of Lleida (Lérida) as well as in Terrassa in the province near Barcelona. In the “Fogatges” of the 16th century Obachs were living in Vacarisses, Terrassa and Rupit (province of Barcelona); in Fígols, Balaguer and Les Penelles (province of Lleida), and in Montroig (province of Tarragona).
The both most common variants of our surname are Obach and Ubach. Catalonia can be divided from the north to the south in two regions with different dialects. In the eastern region, containing Barcelona, the first letter “O” of a word is pronounced as “U”. In the western part - containing Lleida (Lérida) - it is more like an “O”, sometimes like “AU”. I had a look at the archive of engagements in the cathedral of Barcelona. They contain records within a radius of about 50 km (including Vacarisses and Terrassa). Regarding weddings from the 15th to the 19th century, there used to be four to six weddings of Obachs per year. Half of the Obachs were typical Catalan farmers and peasants (payeses), and the rest consisted of seafarers, tradesmen, and many professions related to the textile trade with wool and cotton. In almost 80% of the cases dominated the form “Ubach”. Keep in mind that there were a lot of illiterate persons at that time, who did not know to spell their names and in many cases not even the registrars knew to spell correctly. Furthermore since the 18th century and due to a royal decree (Philipp V of Borbón) the Catalan spelling. Then came Castilian officials (because the local officials did not know the Castilian orthography), who “castilianized” the spelling of the surnames by pure ignorance. They caused a confusion with many surnames.
In the 17th century there was due to religious reasons in France a strong persecution of catholics and protestants (Huguenot wars). Many people tried to escape their murder. Some emigrated to Catalonia, others to the German Reich (Great Catalan Encyclopaedia, 1969, 62nd ed., Barcelona). Maybe some of them settled down in Günsterode.
(compare Martín de Riquer, 1983, Heráldica Catalana, Vol. I and II., Ed. Quaderns Crema, Barcelona)
Heraldry was formed in the 12th century with rules and general norms in the whole christian Europe of that epoch. It was associated with tournaments of knights. Little flags with the emblem of the commander, to give orientation to his soldiers during the battle, converted into a shield that was worn by the knight as sign during the tournaments (the armour and the helmet made it impossible to recognize the knight). At first the coats of arms were mainly functional and simple, without any superfluous ornamentation (compare illustration 5).
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In the course of time and simultaneously with changes in the strategies of war, the nobles decorated their coat of arms with all sorts of ornamentation. It was a slow process depending from the 13th to the 19th century. First appeared the plume (feathers) above the helmet. The plume had the shape of another helmet, of feathers, of real or mythological animals and others. Hence it towered above the helmet and could be seen by soldiers from long distances.
The decorated coat of arms shown in illustration 6, is hence dated from recent history. It is a result of a heraldic study of a professional master of heraldry, who was commissioned by my sister.
A family that possessed a coat of arms did not belong necessarily to the nobility. In Catalonia, there are less coats of arms owned by nobles than by others. On the contrary, many important people in other professions and trades, from trade guilds, and even clergymen, among them bishops...
In the Cathedral of Barcelona, in the chapel of Santa Eulalia (that is the first patron saint of Barcelona; she was laid to rest a second time in the 7th century), there are some graves on the floor of the clergy and secular people. Some Obachs, who lived between the 15th and the 17th century, are resting in peace there. One worn stone tile on the floor is carved with the coat of arms of the Obachs. The colours are the same as described in the archives of the cathedral: the ground of the coat of arms is golden and yellow, respectively, the stars are red and in the chequerboard pattern are alternating blue and golden squares (see illustration 5). There is a decorated variant (illustration 6), which was used by the members of the same family, with blue instead of golden ground and stars.
The family of Obachs that is buried in that grave came from the village Vacarisas at the foot of the mountains “Serra de l'Obac”. Among them were important clergymen, inquisitors, clairvoyant and advisers (“consellers” in Catalan). Advisers were elected then, similar to a member of the Catalan parliament. The village Vacarisses (Vacarisas in Spanish) is like Terrassa and Matadepera in the plains below the mountains of Sant Llorenç del Munt, where a country house named “can Obach” existed. Benedictine monks build on the mountain top of the “Montaña de Sant Llorenç del Munt” in the 10th century a monastery. It remained in existence until the 17. century. Nowadays, the beautiful Romanesque style building is well restored. The monastery was the feudal lord over lands in der area, among them the “Ca l'Obach”. There are several documents about the monastery confirming that contracts were concluded between between the feudal lord (represented by the abbot of the monastery) and his vassals of the “Ca l'Obach” in the years 1215, 1224, 1341 and 1424: taxes and duties, liberation of the vassal of some members of the family, end of the contract and others. The last contract of the year 1424, when there was a large epidemic of the plague, the abbot agreed that no taxes had to be paid, because no harvest could be brought in due to the lack of field workers. (A. Ferrando Roig, 1987, “El Monestir de Sant LLorenç del Munt i les seves possessions”. Pub. Abadia de Montserrat, vol.: 17).
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The chequerboard pattern on the coat of arms corresponds to the real chessboard. Chess was introduced in Spain by the Arabs and later it was popular everywhere in Europe. The pattern of the coat of arms (golden and blue) was used for the first time by the Earl Ermengol I d'Urgell in the 10th century and since then all Earls of Urgell. Probably, the Arab Ziryab, a musician, brought chess to Córdoba in the 10th century. It is possible that he used the chequerboard pattern as his emblem. I guess that the novelty value of the game and its similarity to war strategies were reasons for its acceptance in christian areas (Ermengol did not return home, he died in in Córdoba; unlike his brother, Earl Besalú). The dynasty of the Earls of Urgell is part of a legendary and a real part of the origins of Catalonia. Hence it should be considered that the family Obach, vested with the authority to use the coat of arms, must have been of an important descent. This is supported by the fact that they occupied important positions. Whether those Obachs were close relatives to the Obachs from Günsterode or of mine, is difficult to prove.
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(compare European map)
The number of families with the surname Obach is about 20. This is the number of telephone connections with this name that are found in French phone directories in January 2001. However, there are less Obachs than in Germany or Spain. Obachs inhabit the regions Alsace, Centre, Île-de-France, Languedoc-Roussillon, Lorraine, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and Rhône-Alpes. Typical names of French Obachs are Andree, Daniel, Evelyne, France, Irene, Jacques, Jean, Jean Claude, Jean Jacques, Joel, Raymond, Robert, Viviane, Yolande und Yvonne. Obachs are living in the region Alsace at least since the 17th century. Catherine Obach passed away in Geispolsheim the 20th of March 1693, where she was married with Georges Heitz (Source: Isabelle Nowak).
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(look at the world map)
The Obachs from South America left their home Cataluña in the last century and immigrated firstly to Chile.
Here you can find some names of ancestors and relatives of José Miguel Obach, a dentist in Santiago de Chile ( compare illustration 8):
Sebastián Obach, the great-great-grandfather of José Miguel Obach, moved with his wife Josefina from Cataluña (Spain) to Santiago de Chile, where are still living descendants. He had 2 brothers, whose names were unknown. One of them had a son called Ramon, father of 3 children: Juan, Concepcion (Conchita) and César. The other brother of Sebastián had 4 children: Estanislao, Ramon, María and Arturo. The two latter ones went approximately between 1915 and 1920 (the epoch of the exploitation of the saltpetre) in the city of Iquique in the north of Chile. When the commerce of the saltpetre in Chile disminuyo, Arturo returned to Cataluña and opened the shoe shop which still exists in the old part of Barcelona (opposite of the hat shop of his family). “Miss Chile” of the year 1956 was Consuelo Obach. She emigrated with her family to Venezuela. Typical male names of Obachs living in Chile are Cristián, José Sebastián, Damián Hernán and Maximiliano.
The e-mail addresses of Juan Ramon Obach Zeising and Rony Obach may be requested.
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The origin of approximately 20 families in the USA and fewer than 10 families in Canada is almost unknown. Those living in Ohio, more precisely in Hamilton, Fairfield, Cincinnatti and those from Louisiana belong to the familily of Dr. Amado Obach, who emigrated 1969 from the Philippines to Ohio, where he passed away in 1989.
A few years ago we received an e-mail of a woman from Canada, whose mother had the maiden name Obach. Probably she was Austrian and her ancestors came from Polonia or Ucrania.
The web-site www.iarelative.com provides the following search-entry: “I am searching for info on my grandmother Anna Marie Milanec, 9/8/1893 in Lvov, Ucrania. Married Thomas Obach born 3/14/1886. They both immigrated to Canada, in 1911. They moved to Montana and settled there.”
Probably there is no city in North America containing more than 2 families with the surname Obach.
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Names of Obachs living in Northern America are for example Barbara, Beth, Carol, Dolly, Edward, Edwin, Mavi, Meyland, Michael, Mickie, Mifrando, Mitchell, Ralph, Richard, Robert, Ronald, Roy, Scott, Violet and Virginia.
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The worldwide largest number of Obachs can be found in the Philippines. Raul Obach informs that there are approximately 200 families with our surname. As the entries in telephone directories are rare, it is difficult to estimate their number. In the year 1894, Maximo Obac(h) was the mayor of Iligan and from 1931 to 1934 Miguel M. Obach (Raul Obach's grandfather) had this position. In order to find the e-mail addresses of Obachs in Iligan (Philippines) follow this link.
Raul Obach wrote in spring 2001:
“There are approximately between 100-200 families in the Philippines. They are originated in Mindanao, Southern Philipines, where we believe the original Obach intermarried with the locals. We could trace our line approximately to around late 1700.
The Obachs in Ohio, i.e. Hamilton, Fairfield, Cincinnatti and Louisiana are directly related to us; they are families descending from my half brother, Dr. Amado Obach, who migrated to Ohio in 1969. However, he passed away in 1989.
In Manila, there are only very few listed Obachs in the directory as it is not popular to list one's name in the directory. There are however a number in our original city, Iligan, where by the way there is a street named Obach (after my father, Francisco and my grandfather, Miguel, and a school named after Obach). One day, I'll give you an inventory of the Obachs in the Philippines since most of us are closely related.
My family is quite large as my father, Francisco Obach (born on Aug 21st 1901) had 14 children (11 men and 3 women) from 2 marriages (one after the death of his first wife). All his children have families except the youngest, Romeo, who became a Catholic priest. I belong to the second marriage. My father who was the first lawyer in our hometown Iligan City in Mindanao passed away in 1983, at the age of 81. My father belonged to a family of 9 (5 men and 4 women). All had families except one (an aunt) who also passed away.
The Philippine history is linked with Spain since the Spaniards came into our shores in 1521 through the expedition of Ferdinand Magellan (he was killed in central Philippines). The common history with Spain ended officially when Spain ceded to the Americans in 1898. They stayed till 1946. Spain sent a bigger expedition 30 years after the death of Magellan with Miguel López de Legazpi; the conquest of the Philippines proceeded in earnest with followup campaigns throughout the country-archipelago of 7000 islands. One such campaign involved subjugation of the 'moros' (like what the Spaniards called the Muslims that occupied part of Spain) in Mindanao. We believe that in one of the expeditions a group of Spanish colonizers settled in Iligan in Northern Mindanao and intermarried with the locals. One of these settlers was the first generation Obach in the Philippines. I can follow this up with more facts in the future as I gather historical information.”
Many addresses of Obachs in different countries of the world can be found at: search.ancestry.com and www.infospace.com. A search with Altavista or Metacrawler produces also interesting results.
The following web domains are still occupied:
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In various libraries are situated books of Obachs from the 19th century, e. g. of Theobald Obach: “Ueber Drahtseilbahnen” (about funiculars), edited in 1885 in Budapest and of Eugen Obach: “Huelfstafeln fuer Messungen elektrischer Leitungswiderstaende” (1879). Eugen Obach lived probably from 1852 to 1898. In the Spanish encyclopaedia Espasa-Calpe appears a certain Gaspar (Kaspar?) Obach (1867-1865) from Zurich, burried in Stuttgart. He was a noted painter and sculptor.
Genealogical information can be found at www.genealogy.com about: Anna, August, Augusta, Barbara, Beatrice, Bronie, Carol, Catharina, Catherina, Catherine, Charles, Daniel, Diann, Dieter, Dietrich, Donald, Douglas, Edward, Edwin, Elaine, Elisabeth, Elizabeth, Elsie, Eva, Filipp, Florence, Francois, Franz, Georg, George, Helen, Ida, Ina, Isabelle, Jennifer, Johann, John, Joseph, Juliana, Kathryn, Kenneth, Linda, Louise, Main, Marcus, Marga, Margaret, Mary, Max, Michael, Mike, Pauline, Peter, Philip, Philipp, Phyllis, Richard, Robert, Ronald, Rose, Roy, Thomas, Twin, Wilhilmina. See table 7.
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This web page will be completed with more links to homepages and e-mail addresses of Obachs in all over the world.
We thank for the support, especially Raul Obach (Philippines), Sarah Obach (Philippines), Christian Angelo Obach Limbaring (Philippines), José Miguel Obach (Chile), Rony Obach (Chile), Juán Ramón Obach Zeising (Chile), Antoni Obach Xifra (Catalonia), Isabelle Nowak (France).
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Dr. Jordi Obach Spain |
Dr. Michael Obach Germany |
For questions, comments, corrections and completions please make contact to Dr. Michael Obach.
Last modification: 04/02/2001
© Michael and Jordi Obach
